http背景

超文本传输协议（HypeText  Transfer Protocol)互联网上应用最广泛的网络协议。1960年美国人Ted Nelson构思的一种通过计算机处理文本信息的方法，称为'超文本'，这成为HTTP超文本传输协议标准架构的发展根基。

技术架构

HTTP是一个客户端和服务器端请求和应答的标准（TCP），通常，由HTTP客户端发起一个请求，建立一个到服务器指定端口（默认是80端口）的TCP连接。HTTP服务器则在那个端口监听客户端发送过来的请求。一旦收到请求，服务器（向客户端）发回一个状态，消息可能是请求的文件、错误消息，或其他信息。

软件包

http   服务端口： 80/tcp(http)https   服务端口： 443/tcp(https,http+ssl)

配置文件

'使用rpm包安装的httpd程序环境'/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf         '主配置文件'/etc/httpd/conf.d/*.conf             '辅助配置文件'/etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf      '默认测试页面'    /var/log/httpd/access.log               '访问日志'                          /var/log/httpd/error_log                  '错误日志'/var/www/html/                  '站点文档目录'/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/     '模块文件路径'/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/*.conf   '模块配置文件'mpm:以DSO机制提供，配置文件为/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf

编译安装httpd生成的配置文件

/usr/local/apache/logs     '日志文件'/etc/httpd24/httpd.conf   '主配置文件'/usr/local/apache/htdocs  '站点文档目录''启动服务可以使用绝对路径与相对路径'绝对路径：[root@yaoxiaorong apache]# /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd httpd (pid 56281) already running相对路径：[root@yaoxiaorong apache]# cd /usr/local/apache/bin/[root@yaoxiaorong bin]# ./apachectl httpd (pid 56281) already running

如果需要解析动态php程序，则需要安装php

'安装PHP'[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# yum install -y php'如果作为Apache的模块运行，并生成对应配置文件'[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# ll /etc/httpd/modules/libphp5.so -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4588376 Apr 13 03:04 /etc/httpd/modules/libphp5.so[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# ll /etc/httpd/conf.d/php.conf -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 691 Apr 13 03:04 /etc/httpd/conf.d/php.conf重启Apache加载PHP[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# systemctl restart httpd'编写php状态页面'[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# cat >> /var/www/html/info.php <
     
      phpinfo();> ?>> EOF[root@yaoxiaorong html]# systemctl restart httpd[root@yaoxiaorong html]# ss -antlState       Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              LISTEN      0      128      *:80                   *:*                  LISTEN      0      128      *:22                   *:*                  LISTEN      0      100    127.0.0.1:25                   *:*                  LISTEN      0      128     :::22                  :::*                  LISTEN      0      100    ::1:25                  :::*
    

测试访问php状态页面，输入自己的IP，后面在加info.php,在操作这些步骤之前，一定要关防火墙和selinux。

如图：

编译安装httpd-2.4

'准备环境，将防火墙和selinux'[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# setenforce 0[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

'安装开发环境'[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# yum groups mark install "Development Tools"Loaded plugins: fastestmirrorRepodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fastThere is no installed groups file.Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.comMarked install: Development Tools[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# yum grouplistLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorRepodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fastLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.comAvailable Environment Groups:   Minimal Install   Compute Node   Infrastructure Server   File and Print Server   Basic Web Server   Virtualization Host   Server with GUI   GNOME Desktop   KDE Plasma Workspaces   Development and Creative WorkstationInstalled Groups:   Development Tools   '开发工具'Available Groups:   Compatibility Libraries   Console Internet Tools   Graphical Administration Tools   Legacy UNIX Compatibility   Scientific Support   Security Tools   Smart Card Support   System Administration Tools   System ManagementDone

'创建apache组和用户apache'[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# groupadd -r apache[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g apache apache[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# id apacheuid=1000(apache) gid=996(apache) groups=996(apache)

'安装相关的软件包'[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool

·下载并安装apr-1.4和apr-util-1.4+

'下载wget'[root@yaoxiaorong src]# yum -y install  wget[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# cd /usr/src/[root@yaoxiaorong src]# wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2[root@yaoxiaorong src]# wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2

'解压下载安装apr-1.4和apr-util-1.4+的压缩包[root@yaoxiaorong src]# tar xf apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2 [root@yaoxiaorong src]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 [root@yaoxiaorong src]# lsapr-1.6.3          apr-util-1.6.1          debugapr-1.6.3.tar.bz2  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2  kernels

'进入apr-1.6.3将修改configure配置文件'[root@yaoxiaorong apr-1.6.3]# cd apr-1.6.3/[root@yaoxiaorong apr-1.6.3]# vim configure  cfgfile=${ofile}T    trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15    #$RM "$cfgfile"      //将此行加入注释，或者删除此行

'指定编译参数，使用./configure --help 命令查看可以使用的选项，一般常用的有  --prefix=PREFIX这个选项的意思是定义软件包安装到哪里'[root@yaoxiaorong apr-1.6.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr'编译并安装'[root@yaoxiaorong apr-1.6.3]# make -j 2 && make install[root@yaoxiaorong apr-1.6.3]# cd /usr/src/apr-util-1.6.1/[root@yaoxiaorong apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr[root@yaoxiaorong apr-util-1.6.1]# make -j 2 && make install

编译安装httpd

[root@yaoxiaorong apr-util-1.6.1]#  wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2[root@yaoxiaorong apr-util-1.6.1]# mv httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2 /root[root@yaoxiaorong apr-util-1.6.1]# cd[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# lsanaconda-ks.cfg  httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# tar xf httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2 anaconda-ks.cfg  httpd-2.4.34  httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# cd httpd-2.4.34/[root@yaoxiaorong httpd-2.4.34]#  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \    '配置文件在的绝对路径'> --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 \  > --enable-so \> --enable-ssl \> --enable-cgi \> --enable-rewrite \> --with-zlib \> --with-pcre \> --with-apr=/usr/local/apr \> --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \> --enable-modules=most \> --enable-mpms-shared=all \> --with-mpm=prefork[root@yaoxiaorong httpd-2.4.34]# make && make install

将虚拟主机改成相同IP相同端口不同域名

[root@yaoxiaorong httpd-2.4.34]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.## If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.#ServerName www.example.com:80   //取消此行前面的#号

在/etc/httpd24/httpd.conf最后一行添加以下内容：#virtual host 1
    
             ServerName www.yaoxiaorong.com        DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/yaoxiaorong"        ErrorLog "logs/yaoxiaorong/error_log"        CustomLog "logs/yaoxiaorong/access_log" combined        
     
                Require all granted          Require not ip 192.168.1                  
     
    /# virtual host 2     (前面的/不需要添加）
    
             ServerName blog.yxr.com        DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/yxr"        ErrorLog "logs/yxr/error_log"        CustomLog "logs/yxr/access_log" combined        
             
      
                 Require all granted        
             
     
    

'启动httpd服务，并查看80端口是否启动起来'[root@yaoxiaorong httpd-2.4.34]# /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd[root@yaoxiaorong httpd-2.4.34]# ss -antlState      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              LISTEN     0      128     *:22                  *:*                  LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                  *:*                  LISTEN     0      128    :::80                 :::*                  LISTEN     0      128    :::22                 :::*                  LISTEN     0      100       ::1:25                 :::*

创建网页目录

[root@yaoxiaorong apache]# cd /usr/local/apache/htdocs/[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# lsindex.html[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# mkdir yaoxiaorong[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# lsindex.html  yaoxiaorong[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# mkdir yxr

创建网页

[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# pwd/usr/local/apache/htdocs[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# echo 'hello yaoxiaorong' > yaoxiaorong/index.html[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# echo 'hello yxr' > yxr/index.html

修改网页目录修改属主属组

[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# chown -R apache.apache yaoxiaorong[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# chown -R apache.apache yxr[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# lltotal 4-rw-r--r--. 1 root   root   45 Jun 12  2007 index.htmldrwxr-xr-x. 2 apache apache 24 Aug  9 17:44 yaoxiaorongdrwxr-xr-x. 2 apache apache 24 Aug  9 17:44 yxr

创建相应网页的日志目录

[root@yaoxiaorong apache]# cd logs[root@yaoxiaorong logs]# mkdir yaoxiaorong[root@yaoxiaorong logs]# mkdir yxr[root@yaoxiaorong logs]# chown -R apache.apache /usr/local/apache/logs/

重新启动服务并查看是否有80端口

[root@yaoxiaorong logs]# pkill  httpd[root@yaoxiaorong logs]# /usr/local/apache/bin/httpdroot@yaoxiaorong logs]# ss -antlState      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              LISTEN     0      128     *:22                  *:*                  LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                  *:*                  LISTEN     0      128    :::80                 :::*                  LISTEN     0      128    :::22                 :::*                  LISTEN     0      100       ::1:25                 :::*

在真实主机上验证，修改C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc配置文件

'最后一行添加以下两行'192.168.228.20  www.yaoxiaorong.com192.168.228.20  blog.yxr.com

在浏览器上输入www.yaoxiaorong.com测试，看能否访问